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The Creation of Medieval Manuscripts: From Binding to Writing Support

emiller0718

Glossing

Glosses in manuscripts can be found in three places— the margins, interlines, or gathered together at the end of a section. There are lexical glosses which help readers determine meanings of difficult words, and there are suppletive glosses that helped distinguish what words were referring to. If the gloss was small, the scribe could write it in above the main text it related to. As time in the Middle Ages passed, glossing grew forcing scribes to create new types of page layouts. Biblical studies was a major force for innovation in page layouts. Sometimes a leaf would containing more lines of biblical commentary on it than the lines from the Bible it was discussing. Scribes had to get creative and think up new ways to line the leafs.
Historiated initial 'P'(aulus) at the beginning of the Epistle to the Romans with Paul (shown as a bishop) holding a cross speaking to Jews, with underscoring the the biblical text in red in the adjacent commentary.
The glossing on this leaf has been neatly written in the margins around the main text.
Opening of main text, large initial with penwork, small initial and
placefinder, name of book in blue and red. Biblical text written larger than
commentary.
The page layout on this leaf has changed to three columns in place of the standard two.